NHER 26901 (Cropmark and Earthwork record) - Post medieval earthwork bank

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Summary

Several sections of earthwork bank are visible on 1945 RAF, 1971 Fairey survey and 1972 OS and on 1969 Hunting survey aerial photographs. They enclose the northern end of fields forming a boundary between the cultivated land and the saltmarsh. It seems likely that they date to the Post-medieval period, as part of local flood defences/land reclamation.

Protected Status/Designation

  • None recorded

Location

Map sheet TF74SW
Civil Parish THORNHAM, WEST NORFOLK, NORFOLK

Map

January 2001. NMP.
Two separate sections of earthwork bank at TF 73 44 and TF 74 43 are visible on 1945 APs (S1). They both enclose the northern ends of fields and form a boundary between the agricultural land and saltmarshes. The banks are also visible on the 1971 (S2) and 1972 (S3) APs. They would appear to be part of the local flood defences/land reclamation attempts. The banks are depicted as earthworks on the OS 2nd edition map (S8), which suggests they are pre-20th century. Further evidence of the post-medieval date is the fact that they can be seen (in slightly simplified form) on a map of the area from 1826 (S4).
A. Hunt (NMP), 25 January 2001.

May 2002. Norfolk NMP.
An additional stretch of bank can be seen between TF7400 4387 and TF7404 4387. It is visible on Hunting Survey aerial photographs from 1969 (S6-7). This is marked on the 2nd edition OS map (S5) as earthworks and appears to be part of the complex of local flood defences/land reclamation attempts already mapped by Suffolk CC for NMP.
Also the eastern section of the banks mapped previously by Suffolk CC forms 3 sides of an enclosure and within it there appears to be ditches visible (though they are not that clear). It seems likely that these are for drainage - a further part of this land reclamation? (Or possibly more recent?). These have not been mapped.
H. Clare (NMP), 9 May 2002.

May-November 2004. Norfolk Rapid Coastal Zone Archaeological Survey.
Inter-tidal survey (Environmental Zone 7), Context 1083:
The eastern end of a modern curvilinear sea defence bank (measuring 3m wide and 1.8m high) was observed. Located on the southern edge of Thornham saltmarshes, it was aligned east-to-west and was recorded between TF 73712 44016 and TF 73768 43971.
See assessment report (S9) for further details.
The associated archive has been deposited with the Norwich Castle Museum (NWHCM : 2017.421).
J. Allen (NLA), 14 April 2005. Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 21 July 2019.

  • <S1> Vertical Aerial Photograph: RAF. 1945. RAF 106G/UK 369 Frames 4188-4189 8-JUN-1945 (NMR).
  • <S2> Aerial Photograph: Fairey Surveys Ltd. 1971. (Fairey Surveys Ltd) 7181 Frame 5675 06-SEP-1971.
  • <S3> Vertical Aerial Photograph: Ordnance Survey. 1972. OS/72005 064-6 12-MAR-1972.
  • <S4> Map: Bryant, A.. 1826. Bryant's Map of Norfolk.
  • <S5> Map: Ordnance Survey. 1905. OS 2nd Edition 25" 1905 Sheet I.15.
  • <S6> Aerial Photograph: Hunting Surveys Ltd. 1969. HSL UK/69/949 0062 20-NOV-1969 (Norfolk SMR TF 7444A).
  • <S7> Aerial Photograph: Hunting Surveys Ltd. 1969. HSL UK/69/949 0167 20-NOV-1969 (Norfolk SMR TF 7443G).
  • <S8> Map: Ordnance Survey. 1902-7. OS 25" 2nd edition (1902-7) sheet VI.3, I.15.
  • <S9> Unpublished Contractor Report: Robertson, D., Crawley, P., Barker, A., and Whitmore, S. 2005. Norfolk Rapid Coastal Zone Archaeological Survey. Assessment Report and Updated Project Design. Norfolk Archaeological Unit. 1045.

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Record last edited

Apr 12 2022 8:30AM

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