NHER 17269 (Monument record) - Roman and Early Saxon settlement

1981. Context 1 at [1].
Southwest of site of Thetford Bridge station.
Found with metal detecting.
Antoninianus of Valerian, PROVIDENTIA AVGG, 253 to 60AD. Local copy? RIC V pt.1 112.
Antoninianus of Carausius, PROVIDEN AVG 287 to 93AD, RIC 377.
Antoninianus of Carausius in name of Diocletian, PAX AVGGG 287 to 93AD.
Follis. Constantine I, PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS 307 to 8AD, RIC VI 781.
Identified A. Gregory (NAU) 14 February 1981.
S. Margeson (NCM) February 1981.

1981.
Further finds of large numbers of Roman coins.
Early Saxon cruciform brooch, (S10).
Roman head, etc.
See list in file.
Medieval token.
A. Gregory (NAU) July 1981.

October 1993. Fieldwalking Survey and Trial Trenching.
Evaluation over whole field by Oxford Archaeological Unit.
Produced Roman pits, ditches and post holes with sherds and tile; possible evidence of Early Saxon sunken featured buildings, and possible Roman building, with at least one heated room.
Much post medieval material possibly related to 20th century military use.
See report (S1) for further details. The results of this work are also summarised in (S11).
E. Rose (NLA) 29 October 1993.

April-May 1994. Excavation
Excavation of one area by Oxford Archaeological Unit, and also two areas where preservation in situ is the preferred option.
Roman occupation with several ditches enclosures, and traces of timber buildings, dating from the 1st to the 4th centuries. The buildings seem to be agricultural, rather than domestic, although it is likely that a substantial Roman dwelling may be nearby.
Roman cemetery, dating from the 4th century, with 26 burials, including bodies which had been decapitated.
The main focus of Roman occupation lay in the area which was not excavated.
Early Saxon occupation begins in the 5th century, and sunken featured buildings, or grubenhaus, were excavated, along with pits, ovens and hollows.
See published report (S2) and assessment report (S3) for further details. The results of this work are also summarised in (S12).
Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 16 March 2015.

April 1995 or before.
Metal detecting on spoil heap on building site.
Terminal of Early Saxon girdlehanger, punched annulets down centre of stem and double engraved lines along edges. 2 pairs of transverse engraved lines on base above and below 2 rows of punched half annulets. Finely engraved pairs of lines on reverse, along base and down each edge of stem. Some recent damage. Break in stem not ancient. Location plan in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA) 2 May 1995.

December 1996. Geophysical Survey.
Magmetometry survey of potential development land around White Barn Bungalow at the north end of the site.
Modern features obscured any archaeological remains.
See report (S4) for further details. The results of this survey are also summarised in (S13).
D. Gurney (NLA) 6 February 1997.

1996. Metal detecting.
Find at [2] (White Barn Bungalow).
4 Roman coins.
See list in file.
V. Fryer (NCM) 23 June 1997.

February 1997. Trial Trenching.
Excavation of evaluation trenches at White Barn Bungalow revealed only non-archaeological features. Finds were limited to 1 medieval pottery sherd and post-medieval debris.
See report (S5) for further details.
E. Rose (NLA) 18 February 1997.

2 June 1997. Trial Trench.
Evaluation excavation at Railway Cottages.
Trench 50m long, aligned northeast to southwest in southeast corner of housing development.
No archaeologically significant features found or artefacts collected.
2 prehistoric flint flakes seen on adjacent plot.
See report (S6) for further details.
An archive associated with this work has been deposited with Norwich Castle Museum (NWHCM : 2024.201).
A. Crowson (NAU) 3 June 1997. Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 20 October 2024.

October 2000. Watching Brief. Contexts 5000 - 5024.
Monitoring of groundworks for sewer pipe to the south of Aleutia Gardens.
Further linears, pits and a posthole was recorded, probably all of Roman date.
See report (S7) for further details. The results of this work are also summarised in (S9).
D. Gurney (NLA), 21 December 2000.

Probably 2006. Metal detecting.
Roman pottery from 'the Arlington Road Estate' see report by J. Plouviez in file. Recorded in Suffolk.
E. Darch (NLA), 23 January 2007.

April-May 2009. Excavation. Contexts from 6000.
An excavation was undertaken prior to development for residential use on land adjoining Melford Meadows excavated by Oxford Archaeology in 1993-4. In the north of the site was an infilled hollow or palaeochannel, possibly an older channel of the River Thet. A large hollow in the centre of the site had protected deposits from later ploughing, and several hundred flints of late Neolithic or Early Bronze Age date were recovered.
Multiple ditches relating to a stock control area of Roman data (2nd century AD) were discovered. A possible timber strcuture was excavated, with quernstones used for post-packing. The relationship between these features and a midden area rich in finds is uncertain. Ploughmarks containing 2nd century pottery were sealed by Saxon deposits, suggesting Roman ploughing.
A series of small stock enclosures of 3rd/4th century date were excavated to the north of the site. Ditches appeared to parcel the landscape towards the river to the northwest. Six timber structures discovered are poorly dated, but one had chalk floor surfaces truncated by 4th century pits.
A clay-lined domestic oven was dated to the later 4th century or Early Saxon period. Seven pits showed signs of burning. Two features reminiscent of sunken feature buildings were discovered and other features contained Saxon pottery.
See published report (S8) and assessment report (S14) for further details. The results of this work are also summarised in (S15).
The associated archive has been deposited with the Norwich Castle Museum (NWHCM : 2009.277).
D. Holburn (HES), 13 September 2011. Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 5 May 2019.